Utilization Of An On-Site Primary Care Clinic – An Evaluation

Author

• Joulvous Jarvis Drake, Prairie View A&M University

Date of Award

8-2026

Document Type

DNP Project

Degree Name

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Degree Discipline

Nursing Practice

Abstract

Background: Employers incorporate on-site primary care clinics into their workplace health strategies to improve employees’ access to timely care and chronic disease management and reduce absenteeism and healthcare-related costs. Yet despite the demonstrated organizational and health benefits, many worksite clinics experience lower-than-expected utilization. Purpose: This evaluation project aimed to identify the behavioral and structural factors that influenced employee utilization of a corporate on-site primary care clinic. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used to evaluate the factors contributing to employees’ low utilization of the on-site primary care clinic. Approximately 1,000 eligible full-time employees at a large corporate campus in Texas were invited to complete the Worksite Clinic Utilization Questionnaire (WCUQ), a tool developed specifically for this project and structured around the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior (COM-B) model. The WCUQ measured participants’ awareness of the clinic; perceptions of the clinic’s accessibility, confidentiality, and convenience; and motivation to use the clinic. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, reliability testing, and non-parametric comparisons. Results: A total of 251 surveys were completed, with 229–233 valid responses per survey item. The results demonstrated generally favorable perceptions across all three COM-B domains. The capability findings showed high reported levels of awareness of clinic services, understanding of clinic benefits, confidence in communicating with providers, and adequate health literacy. The opportunity findings reflected strong perceptions of accessibility, convenient clinic hours, supervisor support, and availability during the workday to access services. The motivation findings were generally positive; however, greater variability was observed in employees’ preferences for the on-site clinic versus external healthcare providers. Overall, the findings suggested that knowledge and access barriers were relatively limited within the organization, whereas motivational factors and personal healthcare preferences may play a larger role in influencing clinic utilization. Conclusion: This evaluation contributes to the broader application of behavioral science in workplace health evaluations by using the COM-B model to identify multilevel determinants of clinic utilization. Understanding these determinants is crucial for designing targeted interventions that enhance access, promote preventive care, foster employee trust, and align organizational goals to improve workforce health outcomes.

Keywords: COM-B model, on-site clinic, primary care, process evaluation, utilization, workplace health

Committee Chair/Advisor

Chloe Gaines

Committee Member

Sharisse Hebert

Committee Member

Ulanda Adair-Simpson

Committee Member

Tuzhen Xu

Publisher

Prairie View A&M University

Rights

Date of Digitization

8/27/2026

Contributing Institution

J. B Coleman Library

City of Publication

Prairie View

MIME Type

Application/PDF

Recommended Citation

Drake, J. (2026). Utilization Of An On-Site Primary Care Clinic – An Evaluation. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/dnp-projects/29